Tuesday, May 21, 2013

How do I establish a linux operatings system that would be similar to windows?

Q. Linux is free right. So if I have to buy a new hardrive, I won't need windows which is expensive. But how do I know which I should use. There seems to be many different linux operating system.

A. There are many flavours so you need to decide what you want to do with it (use it as a server, as a desktop etc). There are distributions who offer Live CD's. You boot up from a Live CD and are able to test that particular distribution without actually having to install it until you decide it's good for you.

Search on the net for tips about choosing a linux distribution.
http://wiki.linuxquestions.org/wiki/Choosing_a_Linux_distribution

Ubuntu should be good for a beginner.

How can I start Linux and what distribution do you think I should use?
Q. I want to use Linux because I have heard that it is significantly better than IE. My entire family is technologically inept and we only have one computer. How do you think I should start and what distribution do you recommend for a beginner who plans on programming and the like?Any helpful suggestions will be appreciated.

A. I thoroughly recommend two Linux distros.

Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is based upon Ubuntu 10.04

Linux Mint Debian Edition (LMDE) which is based upon Debian Lenny/Squeeze

Both are easy to install and use plus they come with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint Debian Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=66

Linux Mint 9/Debian User Guide pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php
http://linuxmint.com/rel_debian.php

HowTo install Nvidia Graphics Drivers on Debian
http://wiki.debian.org/NvidiaGraphicsDrivers#Installapre-builtmodule

Alternatively install Linux Mint as a dual-boot with Windows using mint4win without partitioning mint4win works the same as Wubi as described below (not available on Linux Mint Debian)
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, mint4win only adds an extra option to boot into Linux Mint. mint4win does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

mint4win keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Linux Mint LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the mint4win installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Linux Mint (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Linux Mint is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Linux Mint

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 or Linux Mint Debian then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD/DVD for installation

Linux Mint 9 and Linux Mint Debian can also be run direct from the LiveCD/DVD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive




LUg.

How can I remove Linux from my computer and restore the partition space to windows?
Q. I have both Linux Mint 11 and windows 7 on my computer and I no longer want it on my computer so... ya, pretty much says it all in the title.

A. (NOTE: A page titled "How to uninstall Fedora" was added to the project wiki after this blog was published, as noted in the comment section below in a post titled "Contribution is easy.")

Try "remove Fedora."

Nothing.

Go to Ubuntu's official documentation site and search for "uninstall Ubuntu."

You won't find anything in the "official" documentation but in the "community" section you find two entries that state "Wubi allows you to install and uninstall Ubuntu...."

In an installed Ubuntu distribution, clicking on Help and searching for uninstalling or removing Ubuntu finds nothing. A link ârepeat the search online at the Ubuntu help pagesâ brings up a 404 â page not found.

If you look hard enough on the real community support pages you'll find a post from July 2007 titled "HowTo: Remove Ubuntu (& Restore Windows)" .

Have a cow
The post starts out: "Okay, I know some people are going to have a cow because I'm posting this."

(No kidding. Just take a look at the excoriating flames that are sure to appear in the comments section of this blog.)

OpenSUSE does better. A search there finds the page titled SDB:How to Uninstall Linux from December 2006. The page includes more than 1,300 words to describe various processes.

Go to Google and search "install Linux" and you get about 1,450,000 hits. Try "uninstall Linux" and you get about 16,800. "Remove Linux" gets you about 53,300.

Why is it so hard to find instructions to remove Linux and then so hard to actually do it?

Why can't you just easily find the uninstall procedure in a help file, and click a button and follow the instructions?

Windows makes it easy
Opening the Windows XP Help and Support Center and searching for "uninstall Windows" brings up, first thing, "Uninstall Windows XP" and a 5-step process from the Control Center.

Did you know that in a dual-boot install Linux will partition your hard disk and if you remove the partitions without restoring the Master Boot Record on your boot-up disk, your computer won't start?

Did you know you'll likely need separate applications such as fixmbr or fdisk or partitioning software to get your system back the way it was, hopefully having not lost any data? Or you may need to change a BIOS setting to boot to a Windows CD and use its "Recovery Console?" These all depend on your version of Linux. Again, openSUSE seems to do the best job in automating the process, with the "YaST2 Control Center."

Oh, and if that dual installation included Windows, and partitions were resized, "Microsoft does not support Windows installed on partitions manipulated in this manner."

So it's just you and that Linux documentation. Good luck.

Now, I don't have any great love for Windows and I like Linux. I really do. I'm going to use it and learn a lot more about it.

But if you're a newbie like me, you'd best be warned. Searching various Linux forums finds a lot of users who have had problems uninstalling the OS and have lost data in the process.

Go back to Windoze? You're stupid
And while there are some helpful Linux aficionados who try to help these people out -- and others searching for uninstall help -- there are too many posters who take the attitude along the lines of: "Why would you want to uninstall Linux? That's crazy. You must be stupid to want to go back to Windoze."

If you want to try Linux out while keeping Windows, it's a real good idea to try it from a "live" Linux CD/DVD instead of installing it on a hard disk. Iâve tried several. The response is slower, of course, but you get an idea of how it works and donât risk losing anything. For Ubuntu the Wubi installer accomplishes the same thing by treating Ubuntu as a Windows application.

Do your homework
If you do install Linux on a disk, make sure you do a full system backup. And make sure you have a bootable "rescue" or "system" CD. And really do your homework. Read up on disk partitioning and logical volumes and extended partitions and mounts; and GRUB and LILO bootloaders; and NTFS, FAT 32 and ext3 file systems; and gparted and maybe the commercial app Partition Magic -- which supposedly merges/resizes partitions without destroying data -- and so on.

Then read it all again. And be careful our there.



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How to test if ram is working on new build?

Q. Hi, I just finished building my new computer and I'm now keen to put an operating system on it. I chose Linux (because it's free) but just after the Linux screen appears freezes, it just goes to the loading screen and stays there. I'm wondering if the ram isn't working. Is it possible to test if my ram is working without an operating system? Like in the bios or something? Please Help, thanks.
No, the ram works so this question is a bit pointless now.

A. Take out all but 1 stick of ram. If that doesn't work, try another stick. If both of those sticks don't work, try ram from your old comp if it works (it should, as it worked in your old comp). Very often 1 stick of ram comes dead

How do I turn my PS3 to its normal state from the Linux Boot up?
Q. I have PS3 60 GB, and I have tried to install Linux. And when I have done, then I restarted my PS3. But when I did that, a black linux boot screen showed up instead of the the normal PS3 system. And when i am in that boot screen, it says that i have to install or just try out the Linux. How do get to the normal PS3 system from there?

A. 1. Turn the PS3 off (into standby).
2. Turn it on by holding the PS3's power button for about 5 seconds until you hear a second beep.
3. The PS3 will boot to the XMB OS and go back to default video settings.

Now that you're back in the PS3's XMB you can format the hard drive and remove linux (and its partition) from the hard drive. Back any PS3 game save files up before you do so, because they will all be deleted as well.

How can I change the size of my Ubuntu Linux screen to fit my laptop monitor?
Q. My Ubuntu screen is too small and I don't know how to change the screen size to fit the monitor.

A. System -> Administration -> Monitor



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How do you clear a pendrive COMPLETELY of viruses?

Q. Whatever I do , how much ever I format my 8 GB transcend pendrive, when I plug it in my PC, it says malware/spyware/ some unwanted thing detected.
How to get rid of viruses for good?

Also is it possible for electronic media like DVD players, guitar processors, musical keyboards to get VIRUS INFECTED if they are connected to infected computers?

A. Don't format ur pendrive with windows format. Instead use "HP USB Disk Format tool". Else delete unnecessary files on linux. MUST- use a FIREWALL(Windows Firewall is a Trash anyway) and a good antivirus.

How do you boot linux from a flash drive?
Q. I am looking for the best linux os distro that could boot straight from my flash drive.

Something like knoppix but for flash.

Another question, with that, can you access the hard drive and store information? Like to fix a windows machine?

A. You can run this of CD, USB, and even in RAM
http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/

To intall to USB drive:
First, boot up your computer from the DSL livecd, frugal, or USB-frugal. Note that it is not possible to do a USB install, or any other kind of install from a DSL Embedded system.

In the Fluxbox menu, go Apps >> Tools >> Install to USB Pendrive and choose either USB-ZIP emulation or USB-HDD emulation, depending on what is supported by your computer's bios.

How do you uninstall programs in linux slax?
Q. I just put slax on a pendrive and I want to get rid of some programs. How do you do that?

A. This is taken from http://www.slax.org/forum.php?action=view&parentID=9231

Here are a few tips on how to remove packages from modules rather easily and quickly. It might be the method you use, but it seems to me, by what you writ,e that you just remove files you find an not the entire package(s).
Here's how I do it (Wolvix 1.1.0):

1. Extract the module to a temporary directory:

lzm2dir name_of_module.lzm tempdirectory/2. Inside the 'tempdirectory/' look for the var/log/packages/ folder. Inside it is a list of all packages which have been installed to the module. Since the packages have been installed to the modules we can uninstall them with the 'removepkg' command, just like you would on Slackware, but there's a little trick to it. You have to use the 'ROOT=' parameter. Here's an example:

ROOT=tempdirectory/ removepkg name_of_packageThe 'ROOT=' parameter tells the system to remove the package from the target directory and not from the system it self.
Example:

ROOT=tempdirectory/ removepkg audaciousYou can also remove several packages at once:

ROOT=tempdirectory/ removepkg audacious streamtuner mplayerOnce one or more packages have been removed from the module, look in tempdirectory/var/log/removed_packages and tempdirectory/var/log/removeed_scripts.
In those dirs you'll see the list of removed packages and scripts. You don't need those files anymore, so you can just delete them if you want. They are just log files.

LUg.



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How can I access a network shared (NFS) linux partition on my windows machine?

Q. One way to do it is install a linux virtual machine on my windows (using vmware/vpc) and use it to mount the NFS partition. Will it work? Is there any other way? Some other software.
I don't have admin access to the partition. Basically, I dont have any support from my sys admin too. (hypothetically :)

A. First, you can try Start->Run and enter //servername

Do you have admin access to the Linux machine? You could install a Samba server to it and mount it from there.

What are the down sides of using a virtual machine instead of a host machine?
Q. Currently I'm using windows 7 and wanted to install Linux Mint. I thought of using a virtual machine because i don't want to reboot too much. So does the performance go down if i use a virtual machine? How much of the memory should i dedicate to the virtual machine?

A. It's OK to get a quick look at a different OS, but I wouldn't recommend it for long term use.
Your 'virtual machine' uses virtual hardware for important things like your sound and graphics card, so you'll never see it how it's supposed to be.

You'd be better of using a 'wubi' type install (called mint4win in earlier versions of Mint, but sadly not available in the latest version) Wubi installs the Linux OS inside a Windows folder and automatically adjusts your Windows boot loader. You do need to reboot to use it, but you get the full power of your system with the real sound and graphics card used - and obviously all the RAM too.

Ubuntu and a lot of it's clones can all utilise the 'wubi' method. It's the ideal way to run Linux for beginners. No partitioning or messing with boot loaders, which are the main sticking points for most newcomers. It's much faster than a 'live' CD and it uses your real hardware, unlike a virtual install

What is the best Virtual Machine for Linux?
Q. If I want to run Windows inside Linux, what is the best Virtual Machine software to use?

A. I thoroughly recommend VirtualBox 4.0 which has been recently released. Assuming you are working with Ubuntu see the tutorial below

HowTo Install VirtualBox 4.0 on Ubuntu
http://www.webupd8.org/2010/12/install-virtualbox-40-stable-in-ubuntu.html


LUg.



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How to turn a Minecraft seed into a zip file?

Q. My friends and I are trying to make take the DivideByZero Minecraft seed for our online server, but I am not sure how to do it. Does anybody have a link to a .zip file, or know how to make this seed into one? Thanks!

A. This method assumes that you have a world by that seed in your saves list.
Are you on a Windows or Mac (or Linux)?
If you are on a:
Mac, go to your home folder (the folder named your username), open Library, open Application Support, open Minecraft, then saves, and then zip the folder called the name of the world. There you are!
Windows, open up a program called Run (in Programs/Accessories) and type in %appdata% and hit enter. Open up .minecraft, then saves, and then zip the file called the save.
Linux, open up your home folder and press Ctrl-H (to shop hidden files), and look for .minecraft. Then find the saves folder, and zip the save.

How to make an Apache Server using Linux?
Q. Hi I am using linux debian on an old imac g3. I have gotten the web server up to a point where I can see the 'It Works' page but now what? I want to add Joomla to it but I don't know how to make it load like cpanel does. Help!

A. a) Download Joomla
[code]
cd /var/www
sudo wget -c http://joomlacode.org/gf/download/frsrelease/14659/64120/Joomla_1.6.3-Stable-Full_Package.zip
sudo unzip Joomla_1.6.3-Stable-Full_Package.zip
sudo rm index.html
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data *
[/code]

b) Setup MySQL & phpmyadmin
[code]
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
sudo wget -c http://iweb.dl.sourceforge.net/project/phpmyadmin/phpMyAdmin/3.3.10/phpMyAdmin-3.3.10-all-languages.tar.gz
sudo tar xvfz phpMy*
sudo mv phpMy* phpmyadmin
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data phpmyadmin
sudo mv phpmyadmin/config.sample.inc.php phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
sudo nano phpmyadmin/config.inc.php
[/code]
During the installation, it will ask you for the mysql password. set it, and remember it.

Now,
At this point, add something to the part where it says you need to add something for blowfish authentication. Just type a whole load of random characters.

Press Control + X to save.

visit http://< web server address >/phpmyadmin

login with username 'root' and the password you set before.

Create a new database named "joomla"

Now, visit http://< web server address >
Your database name is the one you just created.
User is "root"
password is the password that you set.

Its not exactly secure to use the root account, but as your only using it for personal purposes, it doesn't matter much.

How do you develop a website with a zip code / City, State lookup?
Q. How do you develop a website with a zip code look up for various stores, and locations? A website similar to Yelp.com?

Also, how much does a website like that cost to make approximately?

Thanks.

A. Use the LAMP stack

Linux as an OS - Cost - free
Apache for a web server - cost - free
MySQL for a database - cost - Free
Use a scripting language like Python, Perl, or PHP to handle the interface between the web page and the HTML pages on the web site - cost - free

Create the web site
Link the clicks and dialog windows to the scripts
set up the database
load your data
Test
Debug
Test
Debug
Test
Debug
......
Some time much later
......
Go Live

Have fun



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What is the best linux distro for me?

Q. I am looking for a good linux distro. I don't like the standard GNOME 3 as I have tried the fedora live cd. I have tried KDE, its pretty good. I am currently running Kubuntu 11.10 and had ubuntu 11.04 unity before but I would like a linux thats advanced but easy. Thanks for your help.

A. The Linux Desktop is currently a mess with a plethora of options available. Unity as on Ubuntu 11.10 and GNOME 3 as on Fedora 16 are cluttered and in my opinion not suitable for use on a production machine. I need a Desktop Environment that allows me to just get things done with minimal fuss. This is where the older Gnome 2 Desktop Environment excels.

Linux Mint 12 goes some way to addressing this wth MGSE (Mint Gnome Shell Extensions) which is a layer built on top of GNOME 3 however like other distros. such as Fedora to deploy the GNOME 3 Desktop Environment for me does not convince

Linux Desktop Faceoff GNOME 3 vs Ubuntu Unity
http://lifehacker.com/5853099/linux-desktop-faceoff-gnome-3-vs-ubuntu-unity

There is a new project being developed by Linux Mint called Cinnamon however as with MGSE it is a layer built on top of GNOME 3
http://cinnamon.linuxmint.com/

I thoroughly recommend the earlier release Linux Mint 11 which is built upon Ubuntu 11.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 11 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=81

Linux Mint 11 Release Notes/Installation Guide/User Guide
http://linuxmint.com/rel_katya.php

Also worth considering is Linux Mint Debian Edition

Linux Mint Debian Edition Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=88

Manual partitioning guide for Linux Mint Debian Edition
http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2010/12/28/manual-disk-partitioning-guide-for-linux-mint-debian-edition/


LUg.

How can I build a Linux Distro?
Q. I have downloaded the latest stable kernel. How can I make a linux distro from scratch? What do I need?

A. Linux From Scratch (LFS) is a project that provides you with step-by-step instructions for building your own custom Linux system, entirely from source code.
http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/

Alternatively, you can easily customize your own Slax linux live right from your browser. If you are new to Linux you probably want to start with something like that.
http://www.slax.org/

Other Linux Distros
http://distrowatch.com/

What are some lightweight linux distros that look good?
Q. I'm looking for a lightweight Linux distro that doesn't look horrible.

A. Sorry to say they look horrible because they are lightweight :P they cut out all the fancy looks to make it lightweight

Here are to good ones.

http://www.puppylinux.org/

http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/



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What's the most respectable Linux System Administration Certification?

Q. Hi,
Planning to get a Linux certification as a System Administrator, but unsure which one is preferred and most useful to employers....any idea?

A. Hi

LPIC is not that much respected certification.

If you want to be a System Administrator, start with RHCSA , RHCE as those are respectable.

If you manage to complete it, than you can opt for RHCSS or further certification, but for those RHCE is the must.

what are my chances to become a Linux System Administrator at 48?
Q. I am trying to change career(unemployed) and I am a newbie in technology except that I did some html & CSS. I wonder if I study Linux for a year & maybe pass a linux+ certification I will be able to get an entry level position? Is it too old at 48 to try? Or maybe should I focus on something like PHP/Mysql? I am trying to decide what would be the easy road and the rewarding one as well. Thanks.

A. With RHCE, you are never too old.

Is Linux System Administration worth trying in my case?
Q. I am trying to change career(unemployed) and I am a newbie in technology except that I did some html & CSS. I wonder if I study Linux for a year & maybe pass a linux+ certification I will be able to get an entry level position? Is it too old at 48 to try? Or maybe should I focus on something like PHP/Mysql? I am trying to decide what would be the easy road and the rewarding one as well. Thanks.

A. Try RHCE, Age wont be a problem.



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