Saturday, April 27, 2013

what Linux firewall distro should i install?

Q. i have a compaq presario 7470 with a 533mhz AMD k-6 processor, 15GB hard drive, and 256MB of ram. What linux firewall distrobution should i load up onto it? any other ideas besides a firewall for this machine? what else could i use it for?
i want to use it as an extra layer of protection to protect my home network (about 4 pc's, 1 mac, and 3 tablets) from "bad" things on the internet. i just wanted to load up a firewall distro, configure it ( i have configured a friends before, but never installed myself) and just let it run and protect me.

A. I suggest pfSense. You will need 2 ethernet ports. PCI ethernet cards are cheap.
http://www.pfsense.org/
Hardware Sizing Guidance
http://www.pfsense.org/?option=com_content&task=view&id=52&Item

I have activated a port for a office but have internet connection problems?
Q. Recently I have activate a port for a office room and i'm gettting internet connection but if i type something in search it gives me connect to office or offline. I'm currently running a linux firewall do i need to do some setting? or what should i do to fix it?

A. Make sure the port you specifies is not interfering with other services that is using the same port. You can also flush all the port to see which port is having problem. Also make sure your internet daemon is running.

You can always ping your router or any outside network to see if it has internet connection.

I hope this help.

Linux Firewall on a home network?
Q. What would be the use of a linux firewall in a home network? Is there any point in making one?

A. The primary purpose would be to learn more about how firewalls, routers and IPTables work. It used to be that it took some big iron to run firewall and router software, "back in the day"
Today, of course, you can buy a $40 home router that does most everything you need

Here are some other reasons to set up a Liniux
1. you want to monitor all traffic in and out of your home network. Using a Linux machine as a router/firewall allows you to tap the Ethernet port with Wireshark and sniff the traffic coming to and from the whole network, not just one machine..
2. You want complete control of what all the machines can do and when they can do it on the network.
Home routers give you some control.
A Linux firewall/router gives you control that only a high priced router can give you.
Bandwidth allocation and limits are not available on low end home routers. Linux would give you the same controls as a full business router costing $500 or more.

But these days - mostly for fun and to learn



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linux on, am i screwed or is there still a way?

A. Some software is distributed in "Source form". This means you download a file containing all the source code for the application you want to install, unpack it, and compile it on your system. Compiling is the process of turning the source code into an executable binary. It is a fairly straight forward process.

Typically applications you must compile from source will come as a ".tar.gz", ".tar.bz2", or ".zip" file.

You'll probably want to operate from inside your home directory. If your user is (for example) username, your home directory will be /home/username/. Downloaded your zip file containing install files to /home/username/src. If you do not have a src directory, you can create it with the following "mkdir" (make directory) command:


Code:
mkdir /home/username/src/
So, we have our source package in /home/username/src/.

Change to the /home/username/src/ directory with the "cd" (change directory) command like so:


Code:
cd /home/username/src/
Use the "ls" (list directory contents) command, to see the file is present:


Code:
ls

We now need to unzip the zipped file, this is done differently depending on the file extension.

for files ending in .tar.gz, use:

Code:
tar -zxvf <filename>
(replacing <filename> with the name of the file).

for files ending in .tar.bz2, use:

Code:
tar -jxvf <filename>
for files ending in .zip, use:

Code:
unzip <filename>
You should now have a new directory, containing all of the source files. To confirm it exists, and to get its name, use the "ls" command again.

Code:
ls
we now need to go into the new directory, so use the cd command:

Code:
cd <directory>



This is where things will differ. Some packages will have an INSTALL or README file which will contain installation instructions. use "ls" to see if the software has an install or readme file. If it does have one, you can use the "more" command to read it, like so:

Code:
more INSTALL
Generally, the final 3 stages are as follows:
- Configure the installation
- Compile the software
- Install the binaries

The pre-installation configuration is done by executing ./configure:

Code:
./configure
This will perform some requirements testing on your system, and create a "Makefile" which will explain to the "make" utility how the software should be compiled.

The next stage is to compile the software, this is done using "make". When you run "make" it will read the instructions in the Makefile and build the application binaries.

Code:
make

The final stage is to install these binaries, ie, copy them to a more permanent location. Typically only the "root" user can do this, so you will need to swich to the root user with the "su" command:

Code:
su
Once you are root, install the binaries using the "make" command, followed by "install", like so:

Code:
make install

How can i unzip and rename the output a zip file using Linux CLI?
Q. my problem is that the files inside the zip have a windows non unicode titles so after i "unzip" ,linux fails to write them to the Hdd because of their kwirky names ,so is there a way to unzip and rename the output immidiatly?

A. Unzip seems to be flawed in this capability.

Although I know of no way to change file filename on extraction, you could try these options:

-p extract files to pipe (stdout). Nothing but the file data is
sent to stdout, and the files are always extracted in binary
format, just as they are stored (no conversions).

-a convert text files. Ordinarily all files are extracted exactly
as they are stored (as ``binary`` files). The -a option causes
files identified by zip as text files (those with the `t` label
in zipinfo listings, rather than `b`) to be automatically
extracted as such, converting line endings, end-of-file charac-
ters and the character set itself as necessary. (For example,
Unix files use line feeds (LFs) for end-of-line (EOL) and have
no end-of-file (EOF) marker; Macintoshes use carriage returns
(CRs) for EOLs; and most PC operating systems use CR+LF for EOLs
and control-Z for EOF. In addition, IBM mainframes and the
Michigan Terminal System use EBCDIC rather than the more common
ASCII character set, and NT supports Unicode.) Note that zip`s
identification of text files is by no means perfect; some
``text`` files may actually be binary and vice versa. unzip
therefore prints ``[text]`` or ``[binary]`` as a visual check
for each file it extracts when using the -a option. The -aa
option forces all files to be extracted as text, regardless of
the supposed file type.

-b [general] treat all files as binary (no text conversions). This
is a shortcut for ---a.

-b [Tandem] force the creation files with filecode type 180 (`C`)
when extracting Zip entries marked as "text". (On Tandem, -a is
enabled by default, see above).

-b [VMS] auto-convert binary files (see -a above) to fixed-length,
512-byte record format. Doubling the option (-bb) forces all
files to be extracted in this format. When extracting to stan-
dard output (-c or -p option in effect), the default conversion
of text record delimiters is disabled for binary (-b) resp. all
(-bb) files.

If you know the encoding format of the files inside the archive, read the whiteboard section of this post for a possible clue:

https://blueprints.launchpad.net/unzip/+spec/unzip-detect-filename-encoding

It might be easier to extract them and rename on a windows machine.

Are there any free programs to unzip compressed files?
Q. I used win zip for the free trial and it worked well, I liked it. But now my free trial is over and I'm without a program to unzip compressed files. Normally this isn't a big deal, but I need to download GIMP brushes or fonts to do photo manipulations. Anyone know of a good program to use for this purpose? It needs to be free all the time. I could use a free trial again for now but I'd really like to have a "free all the time" program for this. Thanks!

A. 7Zip is free always. But it only works on Microsoft's Winduhs, if I recall correctly.

If you are running Linux, gzip is already present. Plus, the file managers already know how to zip and unzip, so no addons are required.



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linux a number of times and it can be fairly easy... but then again, so can windows. The question then becomes what other services you want/need. And frankly, this also depends on what you are familiar with. If you've done the RHE isntall 25 times, then you know it well and it should be quick and easy. Likewise if you've done the Windows install 25 times, then it should be quick and easy. Otherwise, it's going to take longer in both cases.

What is the name of a Windows server Based Rapid Deployment software that can deploy windows and Linux?
Q. I need to be able to (off of a windows server 2003, 2008 machine) rapidly deploy the OS to either Windows server 2003, 2008, or Red Hat Linux Enterprise edition to multiple machines.
Can you please advise what software to use that is able to perform this function, and either be freeware, or is only licensed for the software, NOT the imaged machines.

A. I don't understand your question very well..but if I got it right you must boot your server from windows installation DVD and make a dual-boot(install a second os on a different location on the hard disk - not C:\Windows - because you have 2003 there already there.)Same for Linux.And if I understand it on the other way you weant to have 3 os booted up in the same time.i don't think that's possible but try Windows HPC Server 2008.

Can you use the same code and commands that you use to set up Red Hat Fedora server to set up Ubuntu server?
Q. I have Ubuntu 7.04 server running on an older comp. i have and im trying to teach myself how to get a web server running. I've got a lot of info off of the web, but i also came across the Red Hat Fedora and Enterprise Linux Bible 4 . I wanted to know if i could use that to work on my Ubuntu 7.04 server?

A. RedHat uses RPM for packaging. Ubuntu uses deb. The package managers and their commands are different. No doubt there are differences in config files (names, locations, etc.)

So, to answer your question - nope!



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linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

Linux Mint 9 User Guide pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive



LUg.

What is the best Linux distribution for a dual boot?
Q. I want to add a Linux distribution as a dual boot. Which Linux is the best?

A. I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 11. Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 11 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=81

How to Dual Boot Linux Mint 11 and Windows 7
http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2011/06/11/dual-boot-linux-mint-11-and-windows-7/

Linux Mint 11 Release Notes/User Guide
http://linuxmint.com/rel_katya.php

Also well worth considering is Linux Mint Debian Edition

Linux Mint Debian Edition Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=88

How to Dual Boot Linux Mint Debian Edition and Windows 7
http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2011/04/23/how-to-dual-boot-linux-mint-debian-edition-and-windows-7/

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 11 or Linux Mint Debian Edition then you need to create a Bootable LiveDVD
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto

Linux Mint 11 and Linux Mint Debian Edition can also be run straight from the LiveDVD from Boot without touching your Hard Drive


LUg.

What is the best Linux distribution for a beginner?
Q. I don't know anything about Linux. Should be easy to use and should be an active and popular distribution that is still updated from time to time and has an active developer team.

A. Here are some options for installing or trying out Linux

Option One (Full installation)

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

The Perfect Desktop - Linux Mint 9 (Isadora)
http://www.howtoforge.com/the-perfect-desktop-linux-mint-9-isadora

Linux Mint 9 User Guide Download pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive

Also worth considering :

Fedora Remix (Fedora with elements of Linux Mint)
http://fcoremix.wordpress.com/2010/05/25/lucky-13/
http://iso.linux.hr/community-fedora-remix/
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/13/html/User_Guide/

Again Fedora Remix can be run direct from the LiveDVD without touching your Hard Drive

Option Two (Install Linux inside Windows)

Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

You keep Windows as it is, Wubi only adds an extra option to boot into Ubuntu. Wubi does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

Wubi keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Ubuntu 10.04 LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the Wubi installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Ubuntu (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Ubuntu is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Ubuntu

Ubuntu 10.04 Download
http://www.ubuntu.com/desktop/get-ubuntu/download

Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid Lynx) User Guide
http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu:Lucid

Linux Mint 9 which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 has a similar feature called mint4win and the directions given above for Wubi can be followed
http://duncsweb.com/2009/09/27/mint4win-a-wubi-based-installer-of-linux-mint/

As with Linux Mint 9 and Fedora Remix, Ubuntu 10.04 can also be run straight from the LiveCD without touching your Hard drive

Option Three (LiveCD)

Here the possibilities are endless as you can try out as many different Linux distros. as you like until you find the one thats right for you DISTROWATCH.COM gives full listings (second lists the major distributions)
http://distrowatch.com/

Major Linux Distributions
http://distrowatch.com/dwres.php?resource=major


LUg.



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linux rather than windows?

A. 1 If the computer already comes with Windows, there's no point in wiping it to install a free OS (although that is what I would do)

Pros:
It's free :)
There is a large and supportive community for some linux OSes (if you're willing to learn a little bit)
Linux is highly customizable
There is a lot of cool effects available for some GUI's
Most of the software is free open source alternatives to Windows software
Any one can modify the code of software to improve it
Little to no virus problems, I have no antivirus installed
Being made easier all teh time

Cons:
Can be difficult to migrate from windows
A lot of things are difficult to do (although constantly being made easier)
Some Windows software can be difficult to get working in linux
Software is open source so anyone can modify/look at the code (pro or con)
Difficult to choose a good distro
A lot of command line typing

All in all migrating to linux is a good strategy if you want to save a few hundred $ and are really willing to learn. If you want everything to just work the same then save yourself the anger and just pay out. If you really are willing to learn however there are many people who will help you get started with linux.

What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages to the computer buyer when using one of the free?
Q. operating systems such as google chrome or linux rather than windows?

A. Windows = lots of easy to install software, not very reliable(frequent crashes/freezes), is slow, tracks everything you do and sends it to microsoft(really!)

Linux = Fast, very stable(almost no crashes/bsod's), the new "package-installers" make installing software easier than it used to be, no help(use well maintained forums to get help), no behind the scenes data collection, stick to the popular versions(called "distros")

Chrome = coming out soon, Google's OS. Since it is google it is all spyware. Supposed to be fast, designed more for netbooks and using "cloud storage" to give you unlimited storage space on google servers for free(until you are hooked, then they will begin charging you to access your own data). All of the data you store will be scanned for unlicensed songs, films, kiddie porn, etc. If they find any expect a visit from the Man and a lawsuit from Sony Music.

Best sloution: dual boot Win XP sp3 and Ubuntu Linux, then you can have both while you learn more about linux, slowly phase out windows use. With the new Ubuntu you can access your WIN files! See youtube vids for dual boot tutorials

I use a wireless hotspot for internet. How do I get Linux to connect to this hotspot?
Q. My ISP supports Windows, and the Mac OS, but not Linux.
I know that Chrome book's are Linux basically, but the machine is supported. I want to simply install Linux on a machine I already own, and connect to my hotspot.

A. Hi
Trustthebear69
He is asking about linux.
"Many ISP wireless will not give this information out to people."
To find your wireless key if not on the router just google "web interface for your router make" ie web interface netgear router
Log on to your router using the default user and password and you will find the information.

"My ISP supports Windows, and the Mac OS, but not Linux."
This means that the ISP will not offer advise on Linux.

As long as linux distro detects your wireless chip in your pc then it will connect when you select the name of your router and supply the security wireless key.

Google for the forum of your Linux Distro for instructions.



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Original Question

How to install a proxy server on a Linux server and use it from my Windows computer?
Q. My Linux server is in the USA. I'm in Canada. I want to use my Linux server as a proxy to be "detected" as coming from the USA when I surf the web. Thank you for your help!
It would be nice to have a step-by-step how-to.

A. A very easy and non-permanent way to do this can be done using ssh. You could use cron to automate this so that it is always on, or on at certain times.

Check out this website for a very clear tutorial on how to do this.
http://embraceubuntu.com/2006/12/08/ssh-tunnel-socks-proxy-forwarding-secure-browsing/

How do I remotely execute Command Line commands from my laptop to a Linux Server?
Q. I am trying to download and install Icast 2 on a remote Linux server. I have rights to the server and can also FTP or access CPanel remotely, but want to remotely execute commands on the Linux Server to install and configure the Icecast and other software. THANKS!!!

A. I assume you are coming from a Windows Machine ? This Linux server most likely has SSH running opposed to Telnet so you need to setup a session using putty. You can also send files over ssh using a free app such as winSCP. Another option is to setup a vncsession on the server , and connect with a remote desktop session.

Download putty
http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/download.html

Download winSCP
http://winscp.net/eng/download.php

realvnc for Windows
http://www.realvnc.com/products/free/4.1/winvncviewer.html
first you ssh into the linux box, and type vncserver then from windows machine, connect to the display's ip and port num 1,2,3,etc.



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Original Question

How to share folders between fedora and vista?
Q. Using SAMBA server, but when Vista tries to access folders, it does not work. Help?

A. I'm assuming you are talking between two different computers!

make sure you create a user with the same name of the person you are logged into the vista machine as, and make sure you set the password to the same password as the vista user (smbpasswd)

You can also edit the smb.conf file where you created the share to make the share public to anyone without a password (not secure, obviously) to get a starting point.

How to monitor a unix server from Windows?
Q. Hi there

I want to know if there is FREE software for windows XP / Vista that I can download to monitor my remote Red Hat (Unix) server. I need to be notified of high CPU load ect.

I don't want to load anything onto the remote server...

A. Download? Download? Netstat, like telnet has been part of Windoze (NT) for ages and ages:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netstat

By the way, is this RHEL, CentOS or Fedora? If it is the first you have a consulting contract which should enable you to call and get the answer for the best one by phone. Some of my friends work for Red Hat and even when it's not their job they are happy to help you. If your contract has expired I suggest switching to CentOS which is community supported.

http://www.centos.org



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Original Question

Whats are some differences between a laptop and a tablet?
Q. I know that a tablet is touch screen when you swivel it over, but are there any other differences? I want to know because the price difference is a lot.

A. The biggest differences between a laptop and tablet systems is that usually laptops have better speed CPU's and larger Hard drives. Now some tablet system run Window based software and others don't and you can even get a laptop with Linux.

I believe that Laptops are better designed then tablets in terms of handling you dropping them plus the usage. Because tablets for the most part touch and tap controlled you will see damage to the screen area much faster then a laptop. I think you have more flexibility with laptops as well since you add accessories much easier and software which some tablets won't run well you can use them for more things where tablets are designed more for kind of reading.

If you want to rotate your screen just buy a monitor that will allow that option which some laptops have on them.

That's some of the reason I like, hope that helps you out.

What is a good paint program for using a graphics/drawing tablet?
Q. So i am going to get a graphics/drawing tablet, but i need a good paint program for the computer.

is there any good programs THAT DON'T COST YOU MONEY that i could get?

A. GIMP is free and open source and supports tablets.
They have a version for Linux, Mac, and Windows.



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Original Question

How to install Linux to a computer which has Windows on it without deleting Windows?
Q. Please give step-by step instructions because I want to install Linux (there are some free programs that are better then the Windows alternatives) too. Thanks!

A. Installing Ubuntu as a dual-boot with Windows without partitioning
http://www.psychocats.net/ubuntu/wubi

I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 9 Main Edition which is built upon Ubuntu 10.04 Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint has a similar installer called mint4win (mint4win works the same as Wubi so the instructions outlined above are almost identical)

You keep Windows as it is, mint4win only adds an extra option to boot into Linux Mint. mint4win does not require you to modify the partitions of your PC, or to use a different bootloader, and does not install special drivers. It works just like any other application.

mint4win keeps most of the files in one folder, and if you do not like it, you can simply uninstall it as any other application.

Boot in to windows insert the Linux Mint LiveCD and you will offered the option of installing inside windows which is where the mint4win installer comes in, you will be asked how many gigabytes you wish to allocate to Linux Mint (I recommend 8gb) then you set a password for your installation then click install and thats it.

Once Linux Mint is fully installed upon starting your PC you will be given a choice of which operating system you want to use Windows or Linux Mint

Linux Mint 9 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=52

Linux Mint 9 User Guide pdf.
http://www.linuxmint.com/rel_isadora.php

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 9 then you need to create a Bootable LiveCD for installation

Linux Mint 9 can also be run direct from the LiveCD from Booting up without touching your Hard Drive



LUg.

What is the best Linux distribution for a dual boot?
Q. I want to add a Linux distribution as a dual boot. Which Linux is the best?

A. I thoroughly recommend Linux Mint 11. Its easy to install and easy to use plus it comes with much of the software you are likely to need preinstalled

Linux Mint 11 Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=81

How to Dual Boot Linux Mint 11 and Windows 7
http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2011/06/11/dual-boot-linux-mint-11-and-windows-7/

Linux Mint 11 Release Notes/User Guide
http://linuxmint.com/rel_katya.php

Also well worth considering is Linux Mint Debian Edition

Linux Mint Debian Edition Download
http://www.linuxmint.com/edition.php?id=88

How to Dual Boot Linux Mint Debian Edition and Windows 7
http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2011/04/23/how-to-dual-boot-linux-mint-debian-edition-and-windows-7/

You download the ISO. image of Linux Mint 11 or Linux Mint Debian Edition then you need to create a Bootable LiveDVD
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BurningIsoHowto

Linux Mint 11 and Linux Mint Debian Edition can also be run straight from the LiveDVD from Boot without touching your Hard Drive


LUg.



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Original Question

Where to learn Red Hat Linux In Mumbai?
Q. Hello everyone I'm planning to learn Red hat Linux. I reside in Navi Mumbai ( near thane), can anybody suggest me a good place to learn Linux so that my money doesn't go in vain. Also I have a doubt I know little bit of java would it be helpful while learning.

A. Hello,

Some people devote their whole lives to a technology like Red Hat. What you need to learn really depends on what you already know. You may need a starter or intermediate guide to Linux. You then may need to learn how to become efficient with Linux. Using tools such as awk and grep for example. A great place to start is here:

http://www.softlookup.com/tutorial/redhat/index.asp

You can go over the beginning and see how much you need to review before getting into RedHat.

Good Luck!

Sean Colicchio
Server Engineer
Host My Site
http://www.hostmysite.com/?utm_source=bb

How to Install Red Hat Linux Desktop version 4?
Q. I want to install Red Hat Linux Desktop version 4. Please tell me the step-by-step installation and which file system will be best for this O/S?
Like in windows, we have NTFS file system(which has very security features).
Is there any such file system in Linux?
Which file system should i use?

A. Put the CD in the drive, restart the computer and follow the directions. Take the defaults - they're the best choices for a beginner.



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Original Question

why is the UK version of yahoo home page defaulting to mobile in Linux versions of chrome?
Q. I'm using Ubuntu both i386 and 64bit and the latest version of chrome downloaded from Google its happening on several machines I'm using. Is there some kind of global account setting that would do this?

A. Does it happen when you are logged out or only when logged in?

Have you tried clearing your cache?

If it happens only when you login, it is an account setting.

If it goes away after clearing your cache, you may have visited a link to the mobile site and a cookie got set for it.

If it is happening when you are logged out and you have cleared your cache, it is probably related to your user agent.

You could use the following command to change your user agent to that of an IE9 browser:

google-chrome --user-agent="Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/5.0)"

If this fixes it, which it should, you would want to check your current user-agent and see if there is anything weird about it. Changing your user agent should only be a temporary solution, it can cause problems long term.

How to make a terminal executable file?
Q. If I wanted to run a command on either Mac or Linux by the click of a button (opening a file), what would I do? I'm looking for a Mac/Linux version of a .bat file.

A. Linux has shell scripts which are typically written in SH files. Since Macintosh and Linux are both based on Unix, I suppose Macintosh probably has exactly the same thing.



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linux and windows working perfectly, but i'm not able to use the partition created for linux in windows. Linux has no problems in recognizing windows file systems. So please find me a way.

A. generally windows doesn't support linux file system( ext2,ext3 ), but you may be able access using some software like "ext2fs". you can download it from the given link "http://www.fs-driver.org/download.html"

How do you determine what Linux file system your using?
Q. When you log onto a Linux system and get to the command prompt, how can you determine which of the many file systems supported in Linux you are using? Is there a command that will identify it?

A. Use fsck with the N option which just show what would have been done, but also show you what type of filesystem it is.

fsck -N /dev/(device-name)

e.g.

fsck -N /dev/hdc2

The 'mount' command wont help if the filesystem isn't mounted, and looking in /etc/fstab wont help because you cant be sure that information can be trusted.

Linux - File system structure between different distros?
Q. I have been reading about Linux distros and I am lost in that kind of "flavors".
Would someone help me understand the main differences in the file system structure in Fedora and how this is compared with the file system structure in Debian?

A. From an end-user perspective there really isn't much difference. Mostly the file system structure (do you mean layout?) is the same. For example, standard programs live in one or more of /bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, and custom applications live in /usr/local/bin (but you don't need to worry about any of that, as the PATH variable manages finding them).

Debian-derived distributions provide for some configuration within the directory /etc/default/, and network interfaces are either configured in the file /etc/network/interfaces or by Network Manager.

RedHat-derived distributions (including Fedora) mostly use /etc/sysconfig/ for configuration files, and network interfaces are configured in separate files (one per interfaces) underneath /etc/sysconfig/interfaces/ or by Network Manager

Unless you're getting into writing portable installation scripts that's about as far as you really need to go.



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Original Question

What is the best program to download torrents?
Q. I just ant to know what is the best. uTorrent, Bit torrent, Vuse, or BitComet.

A. uTorrent for Windows
Transmission for Linux

How can I download stuff using a torrent at university?
Q. Basically I'm studying at university and I would like to download stuff using Vuze and i have a straight ethernet connection to my computer from the wall. University currently blocks anything being downloaded via Vuze and my room mates have similar problems using utorrent and bit torrent is there any way of going about this?

A. Yeah, stick to non P2P downloads. Universities often block that traffic because they can get in trouble because of students downloading copyrighted things.
If the thing you're looking for is not a commercial, copyrighted product that you'd normally buy (i.e. a Linux disto), consider going to the actual website to download it.
If you're trying to download music, movies, software, etc. illegally, consider actually buying the product instead.



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Original Question

Help please, i was trying to boot up Linux the centos or redhat version using a virtualbox?
Q. after i did everything and tried to install it i got an error page saying " This kernel requires an x86-64 CPU, but only detected an i686 CPU. Unable to boot- please use a kernel appropriate for your CPU." what does it mean and how do i fix it do i have to download anything somewhere? please put links if i have too. Thanks a lot i really need this Linux for this operating systems class.

A. you need to enable virtualisation support in your bios - if you have it

you cannot run 64bit o/s's in virtualbox if you do not have the support

How to install a new application in linux?
Q. Whenever i download a new program in my PClinuxOS, it shows it as a ".exe" file but doesn't open it.For example in my desktop a file lies as "AdbeRdr920_en_US.exe" but when i try to open it they ask me which application to open it with and shows a bunch of applications already installed by linux only.

A. .exe's are for windows only, they will not run natively in linux,

what program are you trying to install ?,
i guess its adobe reader - no need, you already have a pdf reader enabled

pclinuxos is built from mandriva linux, it uses rpm's as the packages,
it also uses the aptitude package management via synaptic,

(people associate synaptic and apt with ubuntu and mint, this is a error made by people who do not understand how to install or remove software from linux, you cannot use .deb packages - which are debian, you use rpm's which are redhat)

you will have a large S in your system tray, this is synaptic, click on it,
you will be asked for your ROOT password not your user password,
once open click reload
mark all upgrades and apply

once its finished you will have access to over 7000 pieces of software,

what you want will be there, just search and mark for install (and all dependancies)

i'll check back later



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linux itself)
can you give me the links...., so that i can get them?

A. You seem to know the name RedHat but not enough about it to not ask this question. To the person who said that RedHat no longer exists and then turned around and said it is RedHat Enterprise, doesn't that sound a little silly? To answer the question you asked, YES AND NO. No you cannot get RedHat for free, it went commercial quite awhile ago. However they continued on with the home-user version renaming it Fedora to distinguish it from the commercial version. And what exactly do you mean "...free of any charge as it is an open source software??" Where did you get the idea that open-source is synonymous with free? I bet you've heard about the free software movement and think all open-source software is free. The GPL ( http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html ) states that a program with this license is copy-lefted. This means it is free to redistribute and change the software as you see fit, even to sell it (yes, sell someone else's program for your own profit as long as you leave the license intact and allow the people that buy or receive the software from you to do the exact same thing. I hope that this clarifies things a little for you. I didn't mean to sound so harsh, it was not my intention.

How to install a downloaded software [ like browser etc. ] into Red Hat Enterprise Linux?
Q. I have downloaded some software like a browser & anti-virus but unable to install those in my PC where Red Hat Enterprise Linux is installed. Please help me and tell me how to do that.

A. First, try looking in the package manager for those programs. That way, they download and install automatically.
Second, try looking on this forum:
http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/
Third, I don't know if this will help, but it might be useful some day:
http://www.thelinuxrevolution.net/Topics/Commands/How-to-install-a-linux-program-from-tar-gz.shtml

Why are some linux distros not free when linux is supposed to be free and open source?
Q. Anywhere I can download Red Hat Linux for free?

A. "Free and open source" means that you are free to modify, change, and yes, sell, programs based on that source code. Red Hat can sell Linux all it wants, provided it offers the source code to the customers. Red Hat makes most of it's money through paid support lines, not selling the product.

You can't download Red Hat for free, since it contains proprietary components that Red Hat wants you to pay for (and you really wouldln't have any use for them anyway.) You can, however, download a distro made up of all the free parts of Red Hat, and configured in much the same way. This distro is called "Fedora."

http://fedoraproject.org/



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Original Question

When they start giving away thousands of linux-based educational laptops this fall, will things change much?
Q. Visit http://laptops.org to find out about the machines that will soon be flooding the globe...and the tons of free software being developed, with networking collaboration built-in.
Those who want first-rate creativity software without paying a ransom to Adobe -- and without stealing -- will soon be able to have it all by switching to Linux.
OOPS....that should be http://laptop.org.
and here's a great photo:
http://wiki.laptop.org/images/e/e9/Drawing75c.jpg

A. Not really as there is still a lot of stuff that doesn't work with Linux although I commend the Linux Foundation for doing this.
Unfortunately Windows still rules but Apple is making a big impact in education circles.

What does original Linux look like?
Q. Run the very original line of code that is Linux, then screen shot it so I can see its GUI. I would love to see it. I believe you can get it from the Linux foundation website.

A. The original line (do you mean the first line?) of Linux is not a GUI. Perhaps you do not know what GUI means. Perhaps you could give an example of what you mean.



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linux fedora and linux for that matter. I am running fedora from a live usb until i get these issues fixed. I apparently need to install mpeg decoders, xvid decoders, avi decoders and a flash player. Being a complete noob to linux I don't know how to go about this.

A. It looks like the decoders are not patent free and fedora will not include them. Other linux distros do allow a user to install them if they wish at their own risk.
The second link has instructions for flash.
You should search the fedora foum for more info on the codecs.
Good luck

How to install linux fedora on a i586 system?
Q. How do I install linux fedora onto an i586 system? I tried the installation guide page, and the live cd mode is not compatible....and to do a classical install for this kernel, but my question is: WHAT is a classical install? Thanks!

10 points for best answer!

A. The live CD won't work, it assumes i686. You'll have to use the non live installer. Also a i586 system probably isn't powerful enough for the dynamic file system in RAM anyways.

Last I checked Fedora still did i586 kernel builds.

I recall an installer parameter, that you can boot it "linux i586" to force that architecture.

I do have a i586 system running CentOS 4, a rebuild of Fedora's commercial cousin, RHEL.

How can I install Linux fedora 4 on a computer with out using Virtual PC?
Q. I want to install linux fedora 4 on my computer to make it a server. But i want to do it so that it will run of the harddrive becaause i have a spare 250 gb that i want to use. So how can i put it on the computer itself instead of Virtual PC

A. You could repartition your hard disk, overwrite whatever existing system you have, or install a second hard disk.

Which ever you choose - get a more up to date version then Fedora 4, which is ancient. Go for Fedora 9 instead.



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linux When i double clicked those files and chose delete>quite they were gone. However when I tried to shutdown my pc it asked if i want to save it, i chose i dont because i used live cd , when i run vista again I saw those files i deleted are there again !

Any help?

A. Yes, you can, you need to clean the Trash before to reboot your machine. You can to delete files using the Terminal (or Console) too, with command line, enter in the windows vista installed disk with the Terminal and tip the full path to files you want to delete. But atention, take care with this, it is not possible to recover the files once deleted.

The comand line is:

rm -rf /path to virus file

If you have a doubt, send me a private message, ok?

How is it I play my windows music in Ubuntu?
Q. I'm a Windows XP user trying to switch to Ubuntu linux for no other reason than to feed my geeky hunger. I don't really play any computer games, so my main concern is how am I supposed to access my gigs of music on my Windows folder from Ubuntu? I only have 2 hard drives (if possible to work on Windows hard drive then great), no jump drives or CDs. Thanks for whatever answers. :)

A. first what type of filesystem on these partitions

look first under places > removable media
if they are there then click on it
it will be mounted to system when you do that
the linux system needs any driver to be attached (mounted ) to it's tree in order to deal with it

if they are not there
then open the terminal (accessories > terminal )
which is a shell emulator (command line interface )
then make the points you want to attach the filesystem to it
"sudo mkdir /media/My1"
where My1 is the name of the mount point to which you will attach your partition
be careful that linux is case sensitive
My_Folder is not thw same as my_folder
then
"sudo mount -t [ntfs,vfat] /dev/sd[a,b..1,2,3..] /media/My1"
you have to choose the filesystem type (vfat or ntfs )
which hard drive sda or sdb
which partition 1,2,3...
if you got an error and the filesystem type is right it will be mostly because of unclean shutdown
if you don't know the dev available
type
"ls /dev/ | grep sd"

good luck

How do I power off / shut down a linux computer?
Q. In windows one simply shuts the computer down and it turns off. How do you do this in linux? So far I have just issued a reboot command and then powered it off after it beeped, but now I want to shut it down remotely. Thank you
How to shutdown now gracefully. Previous power off attempts have not turned off the computer totally.

A. sudo shutdown -hP now



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linux but i hear you need a flash drive and have to partition your internal drive. All i have is a 500gig external drive and 40gig internal. Can I make it work? I really dont want to spend more money on a flash drive if this can be done.

A. You can only run Linux on the internal hard drive. The PS3 can't boot Linux from an external device.

I'm sure you can save the Linux files onto the external hard drive and install them from there to the internal hard drive. You'll need to create a partition on the internal hard drive. I think its 10-12 GB.

How to download Linux with a blocker on...?
Q. I have a built-in internet explorer blocker on, and i want to download Linux. (Don't ask) Bable fish doesn't solve the problem. Is there a way someone can post a link or something so that I don't have to go to the website? Thanks! (Any kind of linux will work. I am just a normal person, with normal needs. I will provide more information if you need more information. I don't exactly know that much about linux.)

A. 1. You could ask someone to download and burn it to a cd for your.

2. You could go to the website below and request a disk be mailed to you. Some are free and some have a fee.
Good luck

Where is the offical site to download linux?
Q. How do I know which is the best place to download Linux? How do I know that the site I download form is a offical site of Linux?

A. There is no "official" linux.

There are many different distributions or 'flavors' of linux. some are easier to learn than others. some are on CD some on 2 or more.

When I was interested in Linux I went to www.linuxiso.org

That site has downloads for 15 or 20 distributions of linux and links you to the official download site for that particular distro. I would recommend going there first.

Before you download and install any distribution make sure that all your hardware and software is compatible and download ALL the necessary drivers before you make the big switch to linux or you will be in a world of hurt trying to find these drivers after the face, especially if the driver you are looking for is for your video, keyboard, or internet.

Linux can be good to learn and has advantages over windows XP and possibly over Vista as well such as security, lack of viruses, and stability.



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linux-software-for-itunes-ipod-classic-ipod-touch-iphone/

im thinking of getting rid of windows xp and having linux operating system, but how do i do that?
Q. the reason y i want to get rid of mswindows xp is because it takes up alot of hard disk space and ram, i have only 128 mb of ram. do u think i shud get linux? if i do, i wont be able 2 have microsoft applications like windows media player and microsoft office etc.., what shud i do? get linux or stay with microsoft office?

A. Linux is great, but it's also very different from Windows.
Switching to Linux may prove a huge challenge if you're not good with computers.
Indeed you will not have Windows Media Player or Office under Linux, but good, free applications are available for Linux that replace WMP or Office rather conveniently.
If you want to give it a try, I would suggest picking up a book about Linux for newcomers (e.g. "Linux for Dummies") before doing anything else.

How do you install drivers for your hardware on Linux?
Q. I have Gentoo and I love it except I can't connect to the internet. I have a Dell laptop 100L Latitude (hey! It was practically free). I am feeling rather slow so a really good website would be really helpful (Like "Installing drivers on Gentoo for Dummies" sort of thing) Or if it isn't as hard as it feels like right now and you can just explain it- that would be good too. :-D

A. It might be in your best interest to an easier distro to start off with gentoo is great but not for beginners.
as far as the net not working could be a network connection not set I have had this a few times on some distros. Any ubuntu based distro is a much better choice for a newbie I hope your time with linux is good but it might be less then you hope for with gentoo this early in the game.



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